最近，電視劇《狂飆》熱播，意想不到地帶火了《孫子兵法》。

　　據(jù)澎湃新聞報道，《孫子兵法》成為了當(dāng)當(dāng)古籍銷售榜第一名；各種版本、注本的《孫子兵法》也在熱搜榜中躋身排行榜前列；在最近七天的銷售熱榜的top20里，有5個版本的《孫子兵法》。

　　

　　當(dāng)當(dāng)網(wǎng)古籍銷售榜截圖

　　劇中，這本書多次出現(xiàn)，安欣警官將其推薦給高啟強，后者如獲至寶專心研讀。

　　高啟強究竟在《孫子兵法》里學(xué)到了什么？

　　點擊視頻看講解↓

　　“圍師必闕，窮寇勿迫?！?/p>

When you surround an army, leave an outlet free. Do not press a desperate foe too hard.

　　這是高啟強引用《孫子兵法》明示弟弟高啟盛的一句話，意思是：

　　圍困敵人時，不要完全圍死，否則敵人會拼死抵抗；如果留一條活路，敵人就會一心想逃跑，因而沒有斗志。

　　

　　《孫子兵法》（The Art of War），是中國現(xiàn)存最早的兵書，也是世界上最古老的軍事著作，作者為春秋時期吳國將軍孫武。

　　其中還有哪些值得細品的謀略？一起來學(xué)習(xí)。

　　以下內(nèi)容來自中華思想文化術(shù)語傳播工程核心成果——《中華思想文化術(shù)語》叢書。

　　上兵伐謀

　　The best strategy in warfare is to foil the enemys strategy

　　用兵的上策是挫敗敵方的計謀。在孫子看來，武力攻伐對于雙方都會造成極大的傷害，因此是不得已的選擇。

　　Armed attacks will do great damage to both sides, so they should be avoided if at all possible.

　　善于用兵之人應(yīng)在武力斗爭發(fā)動之前，運用謀略破除敵人的進攻威脅，或為己方的武力攻伐掃清障礙，以最小的代價實現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)。

　　Those who are good at leading armies should be able to use stratagems to eliminate the threat of enemy attack in advance or clear the obstacles to their own armed forces to achieve their strategic goals at minimal cost.

　　▌引例

　　故上兵伐謀，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。攻城之法，為不得已。（《孫子·謀攻》）

　　The preferred way is to foil the enemy’s plans, the next best to use diplomacy, failing that to attack the enemy’s forces, and the least desirable is to assault the enemy’s cities. Assaulting cities is a last resort when all else has failed.

　　不戰(zhàn)而勝

　　Win without resorting to war

　　不用交戰(zhàn)就已戰(zhàn)勝敵人。孫武提出，最高明的用兵方略是“不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵”，方法有二：

　　The best military strategy is “to defeat the enemy without going to war.” Sun Wu listed two ways for achieving this:

　　其一“伐謀”，挫敗敵方的計謀，使敵人無計可施；

　　1) the use of stratagems to foil the enemy’s plans;

　　其二“伐交”，破壞敵方的外交，使敵人孤立無援。

　　2) the use of diplomacy to totally isolate the enemy.

　　由此造成敵必敗、我必勝的戰(zhàn)略態(tài)勢，最終迫使敵人屈服。

　　The opponent is thus forced into a hopeless situation and compelled to submit.

　　▌引例

　　百戰(zhàn)百勝，非善之善者也；不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵，善之善者也。（《孫子·謀攻》）

　　Winning every battle is not the wisest use of force. Making the enemy surrender without fighting is the best military strategy.

　　不戰(zhàn)在我

　　To fight or not to fight is one’s own decision

　　若無勝算就不與敵人交戰(zhàn)。是否交戰(zhàn)取決于我，而不可受制于敵。

　　Do not engage the enemy if victory is not guaranteed. To fight or not to fight is one’s own decision, not the enemy’s.

　　▌引例

　　故善戰(zhàn)者，致人而不致于人。 （《孫子·虛實》）

　　Therefore, a competent commander can move around the enemy instead of being moved.

　　兵形象水

　　Troop should charge forward like the flow of water.

　　意思是說，指揮打仗，不能拘泥于固定的戰(zhàn)法，必須根據(jù)具體情況，迅即進行調(diào)整變換，揚長避短，就像水流隨著地形地勢的變化而呈現(xiàn)不同的形態(tài)一樣。

　　It means that in directing a battle, one must not adhere to a predetermined plan. Depending on the specific situation, rapid adjustments must be made to make the best use of ones strengths and to avoid ones weaknesses, just as water assumes different shapes as its flow follows the lie of the land.

　　▌引例

　　夫兵形象水。水之形，避高而趨下；兵之形，避實而擊虛。水因地而制流，兵因敵而制勝。故兵無常勢，水無常形，能因敵變化而取勝者謂之神。 （《孫子·虛實》）

　　Troops should charge forward like water. Water takes its shape by flowing from high to low; troops attack weak points and avoid the strong. Water flows according to the shape of the land; troops achieve victory according to the situation of the enemy. Hence there is no set formation for troops and no set shape for water. The one who can win by understanding the enemys situation can be called a godlike commander.

　　兵貴勝，不貴久

　　In war, seek quick victory, not prolongation

　　用兵貴在速勝，不宜持久。對于主動作戰(zhàn)的一方而言，這一原則尤為重要。

　　It is of particular importance to the party that initiates a war.

　　因為久戰(zhàn)不決，會造成士氣低落、戰(zhàn)斗力下降，各種消耗增大，補給困難，最終難以達成作戰(zhàn)目標(biāo)，甚至得不償失，還可能節(jié)外生枝，危及國家安全。

　　If the war continues without a decisive outcome, it will result in poor morale, weakened combat ability, an increase in various types of consumption, and difficulty in maintaining supply lines. Ultimately it will be hard to achieve the aims of the war and losses may even exceed gains; complications may also ensue which endanger the countrys security. This is a comprehensive concept of war which incorporates political, economic and other factors.

　　▌引例

　　其用戰(zhàn)也勝，久則鈍兵挫銳，攻城則力屈（jué），久暴師則國用不足?！时F勝，不貴久。 （《孫子兵法·作戰(zhàn)篇》）

　　The crux of war is gaining a victory. Hence prolonged warfare tires the troops and saps their morale; they will be thwarted when attacking cities; if they are deployed away from home for a long time, the countrys finances will be in difficulty… Hence warfare should seek quick victory and not prolongation.

　　上下同欲者勝

　　Triumph comes when leaders and followers share the same goal

　　上下齊心協(xié)力，才能取得勝利。大到國家、軍隊，小到一個單位，無論職位高低，都應(yīng)該抱持同樣的愿望、意志和目標(biāo)，這樣就能凝聚眾人的智慧、發(fā)揮最大的戰(zhàn)力。

　　No matter what their position or level, the people in a state, an army or even a work unit should share the same aspiration, will and goal. Only then can all their wisdom be pooled together and their combat capacity be brought to the full.

　　▌引例

　　故知勝有五：知可以戰(zhàn)與不可以戰(zhàn)者勝，識眾寡之用者勝，上下同欲者勝，以虞待不虞者勝，將能而君不御者勝。（《孫子·謀攻》）

　　There are five ways to predict victory in a battle. Victory can be achieved by: knowing under what conditions one can or cannot go to a battle; knowing how to use flexible tactics to win a battle based on the number of troops under one’s command; when officers and soldiers are united as one; when well-prepared troops attack an unprepared enemy; and when commanders are talented and capable, and the monarch does not interfere.

　　中華思想文化術(shù)語

　　

　　《中華思想文化術(shù)語（歷史 哲學(xué) 文藝）》是國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)設(shè)立的“中華思想文化術(shù)語傳播工程”的成果之一，以學(xué)生和教師等群體為讀者對象，為其研讀、理解和翻譯中華思想文化相關(guān)內(nèi)容提供準(zhǔn)確權(quán)威、正本清源的參考。

　　這些術(shù)語反映了中國傳統(tǒng)文化特征和民族思維方式，體現(xiàn)了中國核心價值，編寫者用易于口頭表達、交流的簡練語言客觀準(zhǔn)確地予以詮釋，目的是在政府機構(gòu)、社會組織、傳播媒體等對外交往活動中，傳播好中國聲音，講好中國故事，讓世界更多了解中國國情、歷史和文化。