徹底弄懂英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)之時(shí)間狀語從句一：定義、引導(dǎo)詞及其用法
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從本文開始逐個(gè)詳細(xì)講解各個(gè)狀語從句的用法，首先來學(xué)習(xí)一下時(shí)間狀語從句。
學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間到啦！
一、時(shí)間狀語從句的定義
在復(fù)合句中，作時(shí)間狀語的從句稱為時(shí)間狀語從句，可置于句首、句中或句末。例如：
When I came in, he was reading.當(dāng)我進(jìn)來時(shí)，他正在讀書。（置于句首）He was reading when I came in.當(dāng)我進(jìn)來時(shí)，他正在讀書。（置于句末）
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
二、時(shí)間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
能夠引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要分為兩類：常用引導(dǎo)詞和特殊引導(dǎo)詞。
1、常用引導(dǎo)詞
when（當(dāng)......時(shí)）、while（當(dāng)......時(shí)）、as（當(dāng)......時(shí)）、 before（在......以前）、after（在......以后）、since（自......以來）、till/untill（到......為止）、as soon as（一......就......）、by the time（到......時(shí)）等；
2、特殊引導(dǎo)詞
the moment（一......就......）、the instant（一......就......）、the minute（一......就......）、the day（那天）、next time（下次）、every time（每次）、instantly（一......就......）、immediately（一......就......）、directly（一......就......）、no sooner...than...（一......就......）、hardly/scarcely...when...（一......就......）等；
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
三、時(shí)間狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法
（一）常用引導(dǎo)詞的用法
1、when：表示在某一特定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)(段)，主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或先后發(fā)生。when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞既可以是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如：
They were playing soccer on the playground when the storm came. 當(dāng)暴風(fēng)雨來的時(shí)候，他們正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。（從句謂語為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）Simon was happy when he read the book.西蒙讀這本書時(shí)很高興。（從句謂語為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）2、while：表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作過程中。while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如：
She turned on the radio while l was driving.我開車時(shí)，她打開了收音機(jī)。（從句謂語為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）3、as：表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或主句的動(dòng)作與從句的動(dòng)作伴隨進(jìn)行。as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞多用表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞。例如：
As he explored the town, he took a lot of pictures.他一邊考察這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)，一邊拍了很多照片。4、before：表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。例如：
Before the sun came out, the sky was very dark.太陽出來之前，天很黑。5、after：表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后。例如：
After they got married, they moved to the countryside.他們結(jié)婚后就搬到農(nóng)村去了。6、since：引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（有時(shí)也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)），從句常用一般過去時(shí)。例如：
She has taught us since I came to this school.自從我來到這所學(xué)校后，她就一直教我們。It is one year since he left his home.他已經(jīng)離開家一年了。7、till/ until：引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，若主句為肯定句，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示主句的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到從句表示的時(shí)間點(diǎn)結(jié)束;若主句為否定句，常用于“not...until”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“直到......才......”，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞須是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示主句的動(dòng)作自從句表示的時(shí)間點(diǎn)才開始。例如：
Walk straight on until you see a white building.一直走，直到你看到一座白色的建筑物。（主句為肯定句，主句謂語為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）Dont come in until you are called.直到有人叫你，你再進(jìn)來。（主句為否定句，主句謂語為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）Keep trying till you catch up.繼續(xù)努力，直到你趕上為止。（主句為肯定句，主句謂語為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）8、as soon as：表示主句動(dòng)作緊隨從句動(dòng)作而發(fā)生。例如：
As soon as he arrived in France, he called me.他一到法國(guó)就給我打電話了。9、by the time：表示到某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)為止，主句的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，主句一般用完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
By the time l got back to school, the bell had rung.當(dāng)我回到學(xué)校時(shí)，鈴已經(jīng)響了。
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
（二）特殊引導(dǎo)詞的用法
1、名詞短語引導(dǎo)詞的用法
every time, each time, next time, the last time, the first time, any time 等名詞短語也可用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“每當(dāng)”“每次”“下次”等。注意：這些短語表示“每次”等之意，引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，這些詞前不加介詞,其后也不加when 等。例如：
Every time I see him, he is working hard. 每次我見到他,他都在拼命工作。The first time I saw him, he was a school teacher.我第一次見他時(shí),他是一名學(xué)校的老師。2、表示“一......就......”的引導(dǎo)詞的用法
（1）as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。例如：
Ill give you an answer immediately Ive finished reading your file.我一看完你的檔案就給你答復(fù)。The moment I saw it, I fell in love with it. 我一看到它就愛上它了。（2）“no sooner...than...”、“hardly/scarcely...when...”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。此時(shí)，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。此外,當(dāng)把no sooner, hardly/scarcely 提到句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝。例如：
No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain. =He had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.他一到家天就開始下雨。Hardly had I told him the news when he stopped listening. =I had hardly told him the news when he stopped listening. 我一告訴他那則消息他就不聽了。
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