語法專題——被動(dòng)語態(tài)

目錄

一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成

二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式

1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的肯定句

2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定句

3.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句

4.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊疑問句

三、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)

四、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)

1.適用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況

2.主動(dòng)語態(tài)不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的情況

3.被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別

【強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】

語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來說明句中主語和謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系。如果主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，則使用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，則使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子以“be動(dòng)詞+過去分詞”的形式來表達(dá)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，將主動(dòng)謂語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)謂語，將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)閎y短語。

典型例句：Many people speak English.（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）

English is spoken by many people.（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）（許多人說英語。）

一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成

被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be動(dòng)詞+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，如果要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或行為的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，句子后面需接by...，譯為“被/由……”。其中be動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)發(fā)生變化，be動(dòng)詞后面的過去分詞不變。

二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式

1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的肯定句

句型：主語+be+過去分詞+(by...).

The child is well loved by people.（這個(gè)孩子很招人喜愛。）

People in the world are influenced by Confucius thoughts.（世界上的人們受到孔子思想的影響。）

2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定句

句型：主語+be not+過去分詞+(by...).

Mark Twain isnt known as a great thinker.（馬克吐溫并不是作為偉大的思想家而聞名于世。）

The battery wasnt charged yesterday.（電池昨天沒有充電。）

3.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句

句型：Be+主語+過去分詞+(by...)?

Was The Adventures of Tom Sawyer written by Mark Twain?（《湯姆索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》是馬克吐溫寫的嗎？）

A: Were Spiderman and Batman made into television plays?（《蜘蛛俠》和《蝙蝠俠》都被制作成了電視劇嗎？）

B: Yes, they were.（是的。）/No, they werent.（不，不是的。）

4.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊疑問句

句型：疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞+(by...)?

A: What language is spoken in China?（在中國講什么語言？） B: Chinese.（漢語。）

A: Who was the flying saucer invented by?（飛碟是由誰發(fā)明的？）B: It was invented by college students.（它是由大學(xué)生發(fā)明的。）

A: When was the telephone invented?（電話是什么時(shí)候發(fā)明的？）B: It was invented in 1876.（它是1876年被發(fā)明的。）

三、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be動(dòng)詞+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，過去分詞保持不變，所有的變化即人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，都體現(xiàn)在be動(dòng)詞的變化上。如果能夠掌握好be動(dòng)詞的變化，就很容易掌握被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

主動(dòng)句：The naughty boy（主語）broke（謂語）the window（賓語）yesterday（狀語）.

被動(dòng)句：The window（主語）was broken（謂語）by the naughty boy（介詞短語）yesterday（狀語）.

主動(dòng)句：昨天這個(gè)淘氣的男孩打破了這扇窗戶。

被動(dòng)句：昨天這扇窗戶被這個(gè)淘氣的男孩打破了。

He（主語）sold（謂語）some of the fish（賓語）yesterday（狀語）.（昨天他賣掉了一部分魚。）

Some of the fish（主語）were sold（謂語）by him（賓語）yesterday（狀語）.（昨天一部分魚被他賣掉了。）

They（主語）dont use（謂語）the room（賓語）.（他們未使用這個(gè)房間。）

The room（主語）is not used（謂語）by them（賓語）.（這個(gè)房間未被他們使用。）

注意：把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改寫為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要根據(jù)新主語的人稱和數(shù)變化，但時(shí)態(tài)要與主動(dòng)語態(tài)一樣。

Did Tom（主語）use（謂語）it（賓語）？（湯姆用過它嗎？）

Was it（主語）used（謂語）by Tom（賓語）?（它被湯姆用過嗎？）

Where did you（主語）make（謂語）that dress（賓語）?（你在哪兒做的那件衣服？）

Where was that dress（主語）made（謂語）(by you)（賓格）?（那件衣服是在哪兒做的？）

四、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)

1.適用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況

A.不知道或無需知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

Platos work are called The Dialogues.（柏拉圖的作品被稱為《對(duì)話錄》。）

The book was written for Chinese children.（這本書是為中國兒童編寫的。）

Printing was developed greatly at the beginning of the 11th century.（印刷術(shù)在11世紀(jì)初期有了很大發(fā)展。）

B.需要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的強(qiáng)調(diào)者時(shí)，使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

His skill at hurdling was noticed by his coach.（他在跨欄賽跑方面的技能被他的教練注意到了。）

Basketball was invented by an American teacher named James Naismith.（籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)是由一位名叫詹姆斯奈史密斯的美國老師發(fā)明的。）

2.主動(dòng)語態(tài)不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的情況

當(dāng)賓語是反身代詞或當(dāng)謂語是表狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主動(dòng)語態(tài)是不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的。

A.當(dāng)賓語是反身代詞時(shí)

The man introduced himself as Mr. Parker.（那個(gè)人自我介紹說他是帕克先生。）

I found myself in the park.（我不知不覺來到公園里。）

B.當(dāng)謂語是表狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)

Does the pair of new shoes suit you?（那雙新鞋你穿著合適嗎？）

We will have a meeting.（我們將開個(gè)會(huì)。）

說明：have是表狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，而如果該句用了hold則可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，見下例：

A meeting will be held. A meeting will be had.

3.被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別

“be+過去分詞”可能是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。其主要區(qū)別是：被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示以主語為承受者的動(dòng)作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)則表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)。

The letter was written yesterday.（信是昨天寫的。）（動(dòng)作）

The letter is written in English.（這封信是用英文寫的。）（特點(diǎn)）

The store was closed at five.（這個(gè)商店5點(diǎn)鐘關(guān)門。）（動(dòng)作）

The store is closed today.（這個(gè)商店今天不開門。）（狀態(tài)）

補(bǔ)充：為了明確說明該被動(dòng)語態(tài)是表示動(dòng)作的，可用get來代替be動(dòng)詞。

My bike got stolen.（我的自行車被偷了。）（got代替was）

【強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】

1、A: Mom, can I go out to play basketball? B: Sure. But your homework first.

正確解析：主語your homework是謂語動(dòng)詞finish的承受者，所以用含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞”。正確答案為A。

2、A: Would you like to go to the movie with me? B: Sorry, I to go out tonight.

正確解析：be allowed to do sth.意為“被允許做某事”。一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是“will not be+過去分詞”。正確答案為A。

3、Mike, you on the phone.

正確解析：主語you是謂語動(dòng)詞want的承受者，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。正確答案為D。

4、A number of trees around Beijing every year. Our environment is getting better and better.

正確解析：由every year可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；由主語a number of trees是謂語動(dòng)詞的承受者可知用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。正確答案為B。

【實(shí)力測驗(yàn)】

1.用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1. English (speak) here.

2. The song (like) by us all twenty years ago.

3. The pictures (take) by Jack tomorrow.

4. The computer (can use) in the room.

5. The room (paint) now.

6. That clock (call) Big Ben.

7. She (laugh) by her classmates recently.

8. What language (speak) in your country?

9. School football games usually (hold) on Friday evenings.

10. The film (show) again sometime next week.

2.變換句型

1. Many people visited Nara.

Nara by many people.

注：Nara [nr] n.奈良（日本一座城市）

2. Miss Ding teaches us English.

English by Miss Ding.

3. We call her Grace.

She Grace.

4. When did they make these cars?

When these cars made?

5. My uncle gave me some English books.

Some English books to me by my uncle.

I some English books by my uncle.

6. People called him "clever" Hans.

He .

7. I was encouraged by my parents.

My parents .

3.選擇題

1. The Olympic Games every four years.

A. are held B. were held C. are holding D. will hold

2. In the art show, a lot of enjoyment to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings．

A. is giving B. is given C. will give D. has given

3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It in many schools around the world.

A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught

4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, as "Peoples Writer".

A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards

（regard 將…認(rèn)為；把…視為；看待）

5. Usually computers to search the Internet.

A. use B. are using C. are used D. used

6.--Do you often clean your classroom?--Yes. Our classroom every day.

A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned

7.--Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?

--Yes. In fact, it . Thats all because of the people and the factories around．

A. polluted B. was polluted C. has polluted D. was pollute

8. Many trees and flowers in our school last year, and they made our school a beautiful garden．

A. plant B. planted C. have planted D. were planted

9. Some famous paintings in the hall next week.

A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown

10. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week .

A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives

【答案】

1.

2.

3.1-5 ABDAC 6-10 CBDDB